Method of cleaning and/or regenerating wholly or partially de-activated catalysts for stack-gas nitrogen scrubbing

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns a method of cleaning and/or regenerating wholly or partially de-activated catalysts for stack-gas nitrogen scrubbing, in which the catalysts are treated with a washing and/or regenerating liquid, characterized by the washing or regenerating liquid consisting wholly or in part of demineralized water.

The invention relates to a method for scrubbing and/or regenerating of wholly or partially deactivated catalytic devices for nitrogen removal from stack gases; wherein the catalytic devices are treated with a scrubbing, or respectively regeneration fluid.

Such catalytic devices are also called SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalytic devices. The deactivation of such catalytic devices has several different causes, mainly:

-   -   Clogging of the honeycomb structure, or respectively the free         spaces in the catalytic device. Because of this, the stack gas         does not reach the catalytic device and the clogged conduit of         the catalytic device is not used for the catalytic reaction. In         order to use the installed catalytic material as efficiently as         possible, attempts are made to decrease the clogging of         honeycomb channels or plate channels by cleaning measures, such         as steam blowers in the DENOX installation or manual cleaning         actions. In spite of this, some of these honeycombs, or         respectively free spaces in the catalytic device, become clogged         over time. With some installations the catalyst modules are         removed and placed on an appropriate shaking device. The clogs         are loosened by the shaking movements. In this way the stack gas         again gains access to the catalytic material. The increase in         activity does not constitute a regeneration, it only provides         access to the clogged catalytic material. The surface layer         being formed during operation remains untouched by this cleaning         step.     -   Worsening of the gas diffusion at the surface of the wall of the         catalytic device because of the growth of a thin surface layer         of approximately 1 to 100 μm and clogging of pores. Because of         this, the stack gas can only reach the pores of the catalytic         material poorly or not at all. The formation of a thin surface         layer worsens the chemical transformation of NO_(X) and NH₃         into. N₂ and H₂O, because the gas diffusion into the catalytic         material is greatly hampered.     -   Clogging of the active catalytic centers on the surface of the         catalytic devices by means of the accumulation of the so-called         catalytic poisons, for example As, K, Na. The settling of         catalytic poisons, such as arsenic, for example, on the active         centers of the catalytic device makes the reaction at these         centers impossible and in this way also aids in a reduction of         the activities of the catalytic material.     -   Abrasion of catalytic material by solids, such as fly ash,         contained in the stack gas. The catalytic material is reduced         because of the loss of catalytic material and therefore of the         surface available for the reaction. The abrasion of catalytic         material is an irreversible process which results in a permanent         loss of activity. The following actions can also simultaneously         occur in the course of abrasion by fly ash:         -   Removal of catalytic material and of an existing surface             layer,         -   Retention of components of the fly ash and therefore             formation of a fresh gas diffusion-hindering surface layer.

A method is described in DE 38 16 600 C2 in which the regeneration of catalytic devices contaminated by arsenic is described. This method does not take into consideration the portion of the deactivation by a gas diffusion-hindering surface layer. Aqueous solutions of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or acetic acid are employed as the scrubbing suspension in the method according to DE 38 16 600 C2. These scrubbing suspensions have the disadvantage that for one they are too expensive and also that the disposal of the acids contaminated by arsenic is elaborate.

A method is described in EP 0 136 966 B1, in which initially the dust adhering to the surface is removed with dry steam. The catalytic poisons are then intended to be dissolved and rinsed out in a second step by wet steam with a moisture content of ≦=0.4. Drying is performed with dry steam again. In the method in accordance with EP 0 136 966 B1, the thin, gas diffusion-hindering layer is not removed in a first step, instead clogged conduits are merely opened again. This has already been done on a large-scale basis for a long time in the form of so-called dust or soot blowers. The second step of this method can have an activity-increasing effect only with catalytic devices wherein the gas diffusion-hindering layer does not exist over the entire surface or not at all. Also, the generation of large amounts of dry and wet steam is very energy-intensive.

A method for the reactivation of catalytic devices is described in DE 30 20 698 C2, which removes the deactivating substances by means of a defined pressure and a defined temperature. Various gases, for example methane, propane, carbon dioxide or argon can be added in the process for optimizing the method. This method also does not consider the gas diffusion-hindering surface layer.

A great disadvantage of most of the mentioned methods is the fact that they can only be performed in a separate installation. To this end the removal of the catalytic devices and therefore an outage of the installation is required.

Accordingly, it is the object of the invention to further develop a method of the type mentioned above in such a way that gas diffusion on the surface of the catalytic devices is again made possible, wherein additionally the clogging of the active centers by catalytic poisons is reversed to the greatest extent possible, and which can be performed inside the nitrogen removal installation without the removal of the catalytic devices.

This object is attained in that the scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid is fully desalinated water.

The function of the invention is based on the dissolution and removal of the surface layer for restoring the gas diffusion and exposing of active centers for the nitrogen-removing reaction of the surface of the catalytic device. In this case the composition of the fluid must be selected in such a way that, along with a small consumption of regenerating suspension, the fastest possible dissolution of the surface layer is achieved. In connection with the regeneration of SCR catalytic devices it has surprisingly been shown to be useful to employ fully desalinated water, for example demineralized water, for dissolving the surface layer. The use of demineralized water as the scrubbing fluid prevents the introduction of catalytic poisons with the scrubbing fluid. In comparison with other possible fluids, demineralized water has the advantage that it is relatively inexpensive and that in most cases it can be produced at the location of the power plant itself. The cleaning and regeneration of the catalytic devices is performed at ambient temperatures, so that no energy is required for heating the fluid. By means of this method it is possible to drastically reduce the number of deactivated catalytic devices to be disposed. Above all, in large installations for the reduction of nitric oxides; so-called DENOX installations, this method is suitable for regenerating the used and deactivated catalytic devices, i.e. to again increase the reduced catalytic activities, without having to remove them.

An advantageous further development of this method provides, that the catalytic devices are first mechanically cleaned by vacuuming or blowing the deposits out, which is then followed by a scrubbing cycle, which removes the surface layer by means of a regenerating suspension and dissolves the clogs of the active centers to a great extent. It has been shown to be advantageous for the consumption of regenerating suspension if only a small portion of the regenerating suspension is continuously removed and regenerated, i.e. the larger part can be employed in a recirculating operation.

An additional opportunity for reducing the scrubbing water is the use of a suitable abrasive which only removes the surface layer. This method can also be practiced inside the nitrogen removal installation. The abrasive (for example small glass spheres), together with the parts of the gas diffusion-hindering surface layer, can then be disposed of together with the fly ash from the electronic filter.

Further advantageous developments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

An exemplary embodiment for the use of a suitable regeneration device will be described in greater detail in what follows, making reference to the attached drawings. Represented are in:

FIG. 1, a schematic structure of a catalytic device strip with surface layers,

FIG. 2, the enlargement of a portion of FIG. 1,

FIG. 3, a method flow graph for the cleaning of catalytic devices inside a DENOX installation,

FIG. 4, a schematic view of the cleaning of the catalytic device by means of an abrasive.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show an enlarged sectional view through a catalytic device strip 60 of a catalytic device 6. A catalytic device strip 60 of a honeycomb catalytic device with pores 61 is represented. A surface layer 62 of a thickness of approximately 1 to 100 μm grows with increasing length of operation which, with increasing thickness, more and more hinders the diffusion of the stack gas to be cleaned into the catalytic material, in particular the pores 61.

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention becomes clear by means of the flow graph of the method represented in FIG. 3.

A container 11 is filled with desalted water, for example demineralized water, from the complete desalination installation of a power plant, via a line 1. Additives can be supplied to the scrubbing fluid via lines 2 and 3, for example hydrochloric acid for lowering the pH value, or regenerating substances, such as vanadium, molybdenum or tungsten, for example. The pump 4 conveys the regenerating suspension through the line 5 into the DENOX installation 17, where the catalytic devices 6 are scrubbed. The scrubbing fluid with the materials contained in the surface layer and the catalytic poisons are conducted via a suitable catching device, for example a funnel, and a pump 7 to a separating device 8. There, the materials contained are separated in a suitable manner from the scrubbing fluid. A hydrocyclone, for example, is suitable for this. However, filters or the like are also conceivable. The underflow from the separating device 8, which is heavily loaded with solids, is conveyed via the pump 16 to a settling tank 9. The solid components are further concentrated in this settling tank 9, are drawn off in a partial flow via a line 10, and conveyed to a suitable waste water treatment, not represented here. The overflow of the settling tank 9 and the upper flow of the separating device 8 are conveyed to the container 11 via the lines 12 and 13 and pumps 14 and 15.

This structure can be expanded by suitable precipitation stages, in which dissolved noxious matter, such as the catalytic poison arsenic, for example, is precipitated, so that it can be separated by means of the separating device 8 and removed from the scrubbing fluid. The scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid is conveyed in circulation in this way, from which only a defined volume of fluid with the concentrated noxious matter, is removed per circuit. This volume is replenished through the lines 1, 2 and 3.

A further possibility for execution is closing the honeycombs of the catalytic device, or respectively of the reactor, below the catalytic device 6. The catalytic devices are thereafter filled with the scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid. During this bath in the regenerating fluid, first the gas diffusion-hindering surface layer is loosened. The catalytic poisons inside the pores of the catalytic device are then loosened from the active centers on the surface of the catalytic device and are transferred into the regenerating fluid. Because of the concentration drop between the regenerating fluid inside the pores of the catalytic device and the regenerating fluid in the honeycomb channels, the dissolved catalytic poisons move to the honeycomb channels. After a defined period of time the regenerating fluid with the components of the gas diffusion-hindering surface layer and the catalytic poisons is drained. The catalytic devices are thereafter dried by means of stack gas or hot air. The advantage of this embodiment lies in the low consumption of regenerating fluid.

Complementing the mentioned exemplary embodiments it is also possible to connect the regeneration of catalytic devices directly with drying. In large nitrogen-removing installations it can occur that some tons of regenerating fluid still remain in the catalytic devices 6. The structural steel for receiving the catalytic modules must be designed for this additional weight. This is not the case in some installations. It is then necessary to dry a partial section immediately after the regeneration of this section. In the course of this, the catalytic devices 6 are first regenerated as described. Following regeneration, the regenerated section is dried by means of hot air or hot gas. By means of this the regenerating suspension remaining in the catalytic devices 6 is evaporated and removed.

FIG. 4 shows in a schematic representation a complementing option for removing the surface layer 62 from the catalytic devices 6. An abrasive 63, for example sand or glass, is used for mechanically removing the surface layer 62. The abrasive 63 is blasted through a tube 64 or the like on the surface 65 of the catalytic device 6. The abrasive material 66, which has been contaminated with portions of the surface layer, is blown out of the catalytic device 6, or rinsed out during cleaning with the scrubbing fluid, for example.

Example:

The invention was tested on used and deactivated catalytic devices. To this end, a deactivated catalytic element of a total length of 84.0 mm and edges of the length of 150×150 mm was removed from a DENOX installation and treated in accordance with the regenerating method. Prior to regeneration with demineralized water, the catalytic element was examined in a test stand. The catalytic element was thereafter rinsed for 5 minutes with demineralized water and subsequently dried with hot air. A subsequent examination showed that the NOX precipitation rate was increased by approximately 5% to 6% over the entire mol ratio range of NH₂/NOX of 0.8 to 1.2, as shown in the following table. Mol ratio NH₂/NOX 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 NOX precipitation rate 64.8 70.6 73.7 75.2 76.4 before regeneration NOX precipitation rate 70.4 75.8 78.9 80.6 81.8 after regeneration 

1. A method for scrubbing and/or regenerating of wholly or partially deactivated catalytic devices for nitrogen removal from stack gases, wherein the catalytic devices are treated with a scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid, characterized in that the scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid is partially or wholly desalinated water.
 2. The method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid is moved in circulation, wherein a partial flow is removed downstream of the catalytic device and replaced by fresh scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid.
 3. The method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid with a pH value of ≦7 is used.
 4. The method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the catalytic device is additionally treated with an abrasive.
 5. The method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one catalytically active component is added to the scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid.
 6. The method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that prior to treatment coarse dust deposits are removed manually or by means of suitable cleaning devices, for example steam blowers.
 7. The method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that following treatment the catalytic devices are cleaned by air or stack gas.
 8. The method in accordance with claim 7, characterized in that drying of the catalytic devices is performed immediately following the treatment of a partial section.
 9. The method in accordance with one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the treatment and drying of the catalytic devices is performed by means of a unit.
 10. The method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that existing steam or air blowing devices used for removing flying dust are employed for introducing the scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid.
 11. The method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the catalytic devices are subjected to a bath in the scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid.
 12. The method in accordance with claim 11, characterized in that the honeycombs of the catalytic device or respectively the nitrogen removal reactor are closed at their bottom, and the catalytic devices are filled with the scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid.
 13. The method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that tap water is used as the scrubbing, or respectively regenerating fluid. 